Kanjirankulam Bird Sanctuary is a nationally protected area and a notable nesting site for several migratory heron species. It is dominated by sub-tropical forests of babul (Acacia nilotica) that provide habitat for endemic and migratory birds including near-threatened species such as painted stork (Mycteria leucocephala), spot-billed pelican (Pelecanus philippensis), oriental darter (Anhinga melanogaster) and oriental white ibis (Threskiornis melanocephalus). Recent growth of invasive Prosopis trees has affected the growth of the indigenous babul populations, threatening the habitat of these birds. Besides its rich biodiversity, the wetland supports the adjacent ecosystems and communities by providing irrigation, flood control, and erosion control. It is culturally important to the local communities, who are known to protect the birds from poaching and other threats. The wetland is sensitive to climate changes which heavily influence the seasonal variability of the water level.