The Site, located on the Albemarle-Pamlico Peninsula in North Carolina, was first established in 1990 as a National Wildlife Refuge. It is closely linked to the Albemarle-Pamlico Estuarine System, the second-largest estuary in the United States. Covering 47,000 hectares, the Site hosts diverse ecosystems, including pocosins – evergreen shrub wetlands unique to the southeastern coastal plain of the United States – as well as peatlands and natural lakes. The Site provides critical habitat for a wide range of species, including large wintering populations of waterfowl such as snow geese (Anser caerulescens) and tundra swans (Cygnus columbianus). It also supports several endangered and vulnerable species, including the red wolf (Canis rufus), the Eastern pipistrelle (Perimyotis subflavus) and the shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum). The Site is also home to one of the densest populations of black bear (Ursus americanus) in the southeastern USA, and the northernmost population of American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis). Beyond its ecological importance, the refuge plays a crucial role in carbon storage, groundwater recharge and climate regulation. Its wetlands help stabilize shorelines and provide natural storm protection. Additionally, the Site offers significant cultural services, attracting visitors for eco-tourism, wildlife observation, environmental education, fishing, among other activities.